![]() ![]() Senate that, if Russia was to blame for NotPetya, “it is an example of precisely the type of cyber operation that could be seen as warfare, in that it approximates effects similar to those that might be attained through the use of armed force. Olga Oliker, a Washington-based expert on U.S.-Russia relations, said in 2017 testimony before the U.S. Moller-Maersk and other global corporations. The act of industrial espionage is a separate crime in many jurisdictions and is the taking of one company’s secret information to benefit another company. for the purpose of gathering secret information or detecting wrongdoing, and to transfer such information to another organization or state. “I think there is a difference between an act of espionage, which we conduct as well, and other nations do, versus an attack,” Clapper said at the time.Ī devastating 2017 hack attributed to Russia, known as “NotPetya,” crippled ports by paralyzing the shipping giant A.P. Espionage is the crime of spying or secretly watching a person, company, government, etc. government’s personnel agency, the Office of Personnel Management, exposed sensitive personal information of millions of current and former federal employees and contractors.įormer Director of National Intelligence James Clapper said in 2015 that he suspected China of conducting the hack, and he said during congressional testimony two years later that in his view it was an act of espionage. government computers or actually disrupted government functions,” said Bellinger, a senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations think tank.Ī hack in 2014 that targeted the U.S. We don’t know yet whether the Russians simply accessed U.S. “It may simply be a massive act of espionage that would not constitute an act of war. John Bellinger, the top State Department lawyer under former Republican Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, said it was not yet clear whether the hack could be considered an act of war. Examples include operations that “trigger a nuclear plant meltdown open a dam above a populated area, causing destruction or disable air traffic control services, resulting in airplane crashes.” “Simply stealing information, as much as we don’t like it, is not an act of war - it is espionage,” said Benjamin Friedman, a policy director at the think tank Defense Priorities.Įxperts said cyber attacks can be acts of war if they cause physical destruction.Ī Department of Defense law of war manual states that some cyber operations should be subject to the same rules as physical, or “kinetic” attacks. information, and should be viewed as espionage. Hollis and other experts said the attack appears to have been carried out to steal sensitive U.S. ![]()
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